Pigmented Poroma of the Lower Eyelid: A Case Report and Literature Review.

BACKGROUND Eyelid tumors belong to a diverse group of neoplasms ranging from benign lesions to malignant tumors. Poromas are common, benign, mostly unpigmented tumors of the epidermal sweat duct unit, that usually grow slowly and occur in elderly people on the palms and soles. In most poroma cases some gene fusions were detected, which were caused by chromosomal aberrations. CASE REPORT We report the atypical case of a 30-year-old female patient suffering for more than 15 years from a solitary, polypoid, pigmented formation with a focal tuberous surface on the left lower eyelid. The lesion was not growing during the first years, but in the last 6 months before diagnosis its size more than doubled, finally reaching 12×14 mm. It was removed and histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of a rare tumor - a poroma. There were no complications during healing and no recurrence was reported. CONCLUSIONS There have so far been only 9 reports of eyelid poromas, and the presented case significantly differed from the previous ones, as it appeared at an early age and showed rapid growth during a short time due to the war-related acute psychological stress. Moreover, it had unusual pigmentation and unpleasant smell. Reporting such untypical cases is clinically important because it is crucial to be aware of the diversity of eccrine poroma manifestation to distinguish it from malignant lesions.

Poroma in a Patient With Fitzpatrick Type V Skin.

This case detailing a poroma in Fitzpatrick Type V skin presents gross, dermatoscopic, and histopathologic images that have not been adequately represented in the literature. Diagnosing poroma can be challenging and misdiagnoses can have tragic consequences. The scarcity of published poroma images in darker skin types can further complicate this problem. Mineroff J, Jagdeo J, Heilman E, et al. Poroma in a patient with Fitzpatrick type V skin. J Drugs Dermatol. 2023;22(7):690-691. doi:10.36849/JDD.7371.

Combined tumour of aberrant cytokeratin expressing acral lentiginous melanoma and poroma: Diagnostic challenge.

Combined tumours are uncommon and therefore these tumours may pose a diagnostic challenge. In the current case report, it is aimed to present the clinicopathological features of a combined tumour including melanoma with aberrant cytokeratin expression and poroma.

Eccrine Poroma: A Case Report.

Eccrine poroma is a benign adnexal neoplasm often mistaken for pyogenic granuloma, skin tag, squamous cell carcinoma, and other soft-tissue tumors. We describe a 69-year-old woman with a soft-tissue mass on the lateral aspect of her right hallux that was initially clinically diagnosed as a pyogenic granuloma. Histologic examination proved that this mass was instead an eccrine poroma, the rare benign sweat gland tumor. This case exemplifies the importance of a broad differential diagnosis, especially regarding soft-tissue masses of the lower extremity.

Poroma. Estudio retrospectivo de 80 pacientes en un hospital terciario / Poroma: A Retrospective Series of 80 Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital

Introducción El poroma es un tumor anexial benigno exclusivo de la piel que tiene una predilección por la piel palmoplantar.Objetivo Analizar las características clínicas del poroma en nuestra población.Material y métodosEstudio retrospectivo de los pacientes con poroma diagnosticados entre 2002 y 2021. Se revisaron las historias clínicas para obtener los siguientes datos: edad, sexo, localización, número de lesiones, diámetro, tiempo de evolución, características clínicas de los tumores, diagnóstico clínico de sospecha, estado de los márgenes de resección, desarrollo de recidiva y tiempo de seguimiento. Las variables categóricas se compararon mediante la prueba exacta de Fisher. Las variables continuas se compararon mediante la prueba t de Student cuando se confirmó la normalidad de la distribución de datos. De lo contrario, se realizó la prueba U de Mann-Whitney. ResultadosSe incluyeron 80 pacientes con poroma (31 mujeres y 49 varones, con una edad mediana de 65,5 años y rango intercuartílico [RIC] 29 años). La mediana del tiempo medio de evolución fue de 12 meses, RIC 21 meses y la mediana del diámetro 8mm, RIC 7. Ningún paciente presentó lesiones múltiples. Las lesiones se localizaron en la cabeza y el cuello en 13 casos, en el tronco en 13, en las extremidades superiores en 11 y en las extremidades inferiores en 43. Veintitrés lesiones (28,8%) se localizaron en piel acral (palmas 5, plantas 18). La localización en el cuero cabelludo fue más frecuente en el sexo femenino (p=0,041). Las lesiones acrales fueron con mayor frecuencia eritematosas (p=0,014). Cinco pacientes presentaron recidiva local. Conclusiones Aunque los poromas son especialmente frecuentes en la piel acral, sobre todo de los pies, en la mayoría de pacientes se localizan en otras regiones anatómicas (71,3%). El aspecto clínico clásico de lesión exofítica eritematosa se observa con una mayor frecuencia en las lesiones acrales. (AU)

Background Poroma is a benign, exclusively cutaneous, adnexal tumor with a predilection for palmoplantar skin. Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of poroma in our population.Material and methodsRetrospective study of patients diagnosed with poroma between 2002 and 2021. We conducted a chart review to record age; sex; number, location, and diameter of lesions; time since onset; clinical characteristics; suspected clinical diagnosis; resection margin status; recurrences; and follow-up duration. Categorical variables were compared using the Fisher exact test. Continuous variables were compared using the t test or the Mann-Whitney U test depending on whether they were normally or nonnormally distributed. Results We studied 80 patients (31 women and 49 men) with a median (interquartile range [IQR]) age of 65.5 (29) years. Median time since onset of poroma was 12 (21) months. Median lesion diameter was 8(7)mm, and none of the patients had multiple lesions. The lesions were located on the head and neck in 13 cases, the trunk in 13, the upper extremities in 11, and the lower extremities in 43. Twenty-three lesions (28.8%) were located at acral sites (5 on the palms and 18 on the soles). Women were more likely to have scalp lesions (P=.041). Acral lesions were more likely to be erythematous (P=.014). Five patients experienced local recurrence. Conclusions Although poromas are particularly common in acral locations (especially the feet), most of the lesions in our series (71.3%) were located elsewhere. Acral lesions were more likely to show the classic clinical features of erythema and exophytic growth. (AU)

[Translated article] Poroma: A Retrospective Series of 80 Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital / Poroma. Estudio retrospectivo de 80 pacientes en un hospital terciario

Background Poroma is a benign, exclusively cutaneous, adnexal tumor with a predilection for palmoplantar skin. Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of poroma in our population.Material and methods Retrospective study of patients diagnosed with poroma between 2002 and 2021. We conducted a chart review to record age; sex; number, location, and diameter of lesions; time since onset; clinical characteristics; suspected clinical diagnosis; resection margin status; recurrences; and follow-up duration. Categorical variables were compared using the Fisher exact test. Continuous variables were compared using the t test or the Mann–Whitney U test depending on whether they were normally or nonnormally distributed. Results We studied 80 patients (31 women and 49 men) with a median (interquartile range [IQR]) age of 65.5 (29) years. Median time since onset of poroma was 12 (21) months. Median lesion diameter was 8 (7)mm, and none of the patients had multiple lesions. The lesions were located on the head and neck in 13 cases, the trunk in 13, the upper extremities in 11, and the lower extremities in 43. Twenty-three lesions (28.8%) were located at acral sites (5 on the palms and 18 on the soles). Women were more likely to have scalp lesions (P=.041). Acral lesions were more likely to be erythematous (P=.014). Five patients experienced local recurrence. Conclusions Although poromas are particularly common in acral locations (especially the feet), most of the lesions in our series (71.3%) were located elsewhere. Acral lesions were more likely to show the classic clinical features of erythema and exophytic growth. (AU)

Introducción El poroma es un tumor anexial benigno exclusivo de la piel que tiene predilección por la piel palmoplantar. Objetivo Analizar las características clínicas del poroma en nuestra población. Material y métodos Estudio retrospectivo de los pacientes con poroma diagnosticados entre 2002 y 2021. Se revisaron las historias clínicas para obtener los siguientes datos: edad, sexo, localización, número de lesiones, diámetro, tiempo de evolución, características clínicas de los tumores, diagnóstico clínico de sospecha, estado de los márgenes de resección, desarrollo de recidiva y tiempo de seguimiento. Las variables categóricas se compararon mediante la prueba exacta de Fisher. Las variables continuas se compararon mediante la prueba t de Student cuando se confirmó la normalidad de la distribución de datos. De lo contrario, se realizó la prueba U de Mann-Whitney. Resultados Se incluyeron 80 pacientes con poroma (31 mujeres y 49 varones, con una edad mediana de 65,5años y rango intercuartílico [RIC] de 29 años). La mediana del tiempo medio de evolución fue de 12meses, RIC 21 meses, y la mediana del diámetro 8mm, RIC 7. Ningún paciente presentó lesiones múltiples. Las lesiones se localizaron en la cabeza y en el cuello en 13 casos, en el tronco en 13, en las extremidades superiores en 11 y en las extremidades inferiores en 43. Veintitrés lesiones (28,8%) se localizaron en piel acral (palmas 5, plantas 18). La localización en el cuero cabelludo fue más frecuente en el sexo femenino (p=0,041). Las lesiones acrales fueron con mayor frecuencia eritematosas (p=0,014). Cinco pacientes presentaron recidiva local. Conclusiones Aunque los poromas son especialmente frecuentes en la piel acral, sobre todo de los pies, en la mayoría de pacientes se localizan en otras regiones anatómicas (71,3%). El aspecto clínico clásico de lesión exofítica eritematosa se observa con una mayor frecuencia en las lesiones acrales. (AU)

Poroma: A Retrospective Series of 80 Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital. / Poroma. Estudio retrospectivo de 80 pacientes en un hospital terciario.

BACKGROUND: Poroma is a benign, exclusively cutaneous, adnexal tumor with a predilection for palmoplantar skin. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical characteristics of poroma in our population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of patients diagnosed with poroma between 2002 and 2021. We conducted a chart review to record age; sex; number, location, and diameter of lesions; time since onset; clinical characteristics; suspected clinical diagnosis; resection margin status; recurrences; and follow-up duration. Categorical variables were compared using the Fisher exact test. Continuous variables were compared using the t test or the Mann-Whitney U test depending on whether they were normally or nonnormally distributed. RESULTS: We studied 80 patients (31 women and 49 men) with a median (interquartile range [IQR]) age of 65.5 (29) years. Median time since onset of poroma was 12 (21) months. Median lesion diameter was 8(7)mm, and none of the patients had multiple lesions. The lesions were located on the head and neck in 13 cases, the trunk in 13, the upper extremities in 11, and the lower extremities in 43. Twenty-three lesions (28.8%) were located at acral sites (5 on the palms and 18 on the soles). Women were more likely to have scalp lesions (P=.041). Acral lesions were more likely to be erythematous (P=.014). Five patients experienced local recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Although poromas are particularly common in acral locations (especially the feet), most of the lesions in our series (71.3%) were located elsewhere. Acral lesions were more likely to show the classic clinical features of erythema and exophytic growth.

The role of reflectance confocal microscopy in the diagnosis of eccrine poroma: A retrospective case-control study.

Eccrine poroma (EP) is a rare benign adnexal tumor that may mimic benign or malignant tumors and differential diagnosis may be difficult under clinical and dermoscopic examination. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) examination may add important information to diagnosis and subsequent management of solitary lesions for which dermoscopy can be challenging. The aim of the present study was to investigate features of EP at RCM in order to detect the characteristics that might aid in the differential diagnosis of EP versus other solitary lesions (benign or malignant). Secondary objective was to correlate the resulting features with histopathological findings. This monocentric retrospective observational case-control study included all EPs registered with RCM between January 2007 and May 2018. Control cases were benign or malignant lesions similar in clinical appearance, morphology, and dermoscopic features to EPs. RCM evaluators were blinded to clinical-dermoscopic images and to final histopathological diagnoses. Finally, RCM-histopathological correlation was performed. A total of 11 EPs and 33 controls were included in the present study. Among RCM parameters, "cords without palisading," "dark holes," "prominent vascularization" and "abundant stroma" resulted positively associated with EP in univariate analysis. RCM features correspond to the histopathological diagnosis of EP in 97% of cases, as illustrated by the cluster analysis. An excellent correlation between diagnostic features of conventional histopathology and RCM was observed. RCM assists in the differential diagnosis of solitary lesions, allowing to reach a correct diagnosis of EP through the identification of its four characteristics.

A systematic review of periungual eccrine neoplasms.

Eccrine tumors are a rare cutaneous adnexal neoplasm originating from the sweat glands. The periungual region represents an uncommon localization for these neoplasms. We analyzed all published demographic, clinical, and treatment data on periungual eccrine tumors. A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was performed of articles published prior to March 2021. Articles were included in the review if a full-text English version was available. Of the surveyed literature, 27 full-text case reports were included in the final analysis. Benign eccrine poroma and porocarcinoma were the most common tumor subtypes (nine and eight cases, respectively). Males were only affected by poroma and porocarcinoma, while females were affected by all tumor subtypes. The first toe was the most common lower extremity affected. Misdiagnosis led to delayed treatment in 25% of cases. As such, while periungual eccrine neoplasms are rare diagnoses, the nonspecific presentations of these growths raise concerns about misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. Further research is needed related to sex-differences in the epidemiology of these growths and into the prevalence of the first toe as a location. These tumors should be considered in the differential diagnosis for nail unit afflictions.

Eccrine poroma presented as spindle-shaped plaque: A case report.

RATIONALE: Eccrine poroma, a benign cutaneous neoplasm originating from the intraepidermal portion of the eccrine sweat duct, is relatively common in clinical practice. Nevertheless, the 1 presenting as spindle-shaped plaque is extremely rare and easily misdiagnosed as seborrheic keratosis or other dermatoses. Thus, the current study demonstrates a case of eccrine poroma with unique clinical manifestation. PATIENTS CONCERNS: A 47-year-old man presented with a spindle-shaped plaque on his left sole for 6 years. DIAGNOSES: Based on the clinical and histopathological manifestations, diagnosis of eccrine poroma was established. INTERVENTIONS: Surgical excision under local anesthesia was performed. OUTCOMES: No recurrence or malignant transformation occurred within 6-month follow-up. LESSONS: Eccrine poroma typically presents as a dome-shaped nodule on palm or sole. But this case reminded us the lesion presenting as a spindle-shaped plaque on sole can not rule out the possibility of eccrine poroma.

NUT Is a Specific Immunohistochemical Marker for the Diagnosis of YAP1-NUTM1-rearranged Cutaneous Poroid Neoplasms.

YAP1-NUTM1 fusion transcripts have been recently reported in poroma and porocarcinoma. NUTM1 translocation can be screened by nuclear protein in testis (NUT) immunohistochemistry in various malignancies, but its diagnostic performance has not been thoroughly validated on a large cohort of cutaneous epithelial neoplasms. We have evaluated NUT immunohistochemical expression in a large cohort encompassing 835 cases of various cutaneous epidermal or adnexal epithelial neoplasms. NUT expression was specific to eccrine poromas and porocarcinoma, with 32% of cases showing NUT expression. All other cutaneous tumors tested lacked NUT expression, including mimickers such as seborrheic keratosis, Bowen disease, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, nodular hidradenoma, and all other adnexal tumors tested. Remarkably, NUT expression was more frequent in a distinct morphologic subgroup. Indeed, 93% of poroid hidradenoma (dermal/subcutaneous nodular poroma, 13/14) and 80% of poroid hidradenocarcinoma cases (malignant poroid hidradenoma, 4/5) showed NUT expression, in contrast to 17% and 11% of classic poroma (4/23) and porocarcinoma cases (4/35), respectively. RNA sequencing of 12 NUT-positive neoplasms further confirmed the presence of a YAP1-NUTM1 fusion transcript in all cases, and also an EMC7-NUTM1 gene fusion in a single case. In the setting of a cutaneous adnexal neoplasm, nuclear expression of NUT accurately and specifically diagnosed a specific subgroup of benign and malignant poroid tumors, all associated with a NUTM1 fusion, which frequently harbored a poroid hidradenoma morphology.